Net. BIOS Over TCP/IPThe Windows. Net. BT uses the following TCP and UDP ports: UDP port 1. UDP port 1. 38 (datagram services)TCP port 1. Net. BIOS over TCP/IP is specified by RFC 1.
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RFC 1. 00. 2. The Netbt. TDI interface. Services such as workstation and server use the TDI interface directly, while traditional Net. BIOS applications have their calls mapped to TDI calls through the Netbios.
Using TDI to make calls to Net. BT is a more difficult programming task, but can provide higher performance and freedom from historical Net. BIOS limitations. Net. BIOS defines a software interface and a naming convention, not a protocol. Net. BIOS over TCP/IP provides the Net. BIOS programming interface over the TCP/IP protocol, extending the reach of Net. BIOS client and server programs to the IP internetworks and providing interoperability with various other operating systems.
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The Windows. The emulator takes standard Net. BIOS requests from Net. BIOS applications and translates them to equivalent TDI functions. Windows. With direct hosting, Net.
BIOS is not used for name resolution. DNS is used for name resolution and the Microsoft networking communication is sent directly over TCP without a Net. BIOS header. Direct hosting over TCP/IP uses TCP port 4.
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Net. BIOS session TCP port 1. By default, both Net. BIOS and direct hosting are enabled, and both are tried in parallel when a new connection is established.
The first to succeed in connecting is used for any given attempt. Net. BIOS over TCP/IP support can be disabled to force all traffic to use TCP/IP direct hosting. To disable Net. BIOS over TCP/IP support. From the. Network and Dial- up Connections.
Local Area Connection. Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click the. button.
Click the. Disable Net. BIOS over TCP/IP.
Applications and services that depend on Net. BIOS over TCP/IP no longer function once Net. BIOS over TCP/IP is disabled. Therefore, verify that any clients and applications no longer need Net.
BIOS over TCP/IP support before you disable it. Net. BIOS Names. The Net. BIOS namespace is flat, meaning that all names within the namespace must be unique. Net. BIOS names are 1. Resources are identified by Net. BIOS names, which are registered dynamically when services or applications start, or users log on. Names can be registered as unique names (one owner) or as group names (multiple owners).
A Net. BIOS Name Query is used to locate a resource by resolving the Net. BIOS name to an IP address. Microsoft networking components, such as the workstation and server services, allow the first 1. Net. BIOS name to be specified by the user or administrator, but reserve the 1.
Net. BIOS name to indicate a resource type (0. FF hex). Tables 2. Net. BIOS names used by Microsoft components: Table 2. Unique Net. BIOS Names Used by Microsoft Components. To see which Net. BIOS names a computer has registered over Net. BT, type the following from a command prompt: nbtstat - n.
Windows. To reregister Net. BIOS names, type the following from a command prompt: nbtstat . The following node types are supported: B- node. For name resolution, it tries broadcasts first, but switches to p- node if it receives no answer. H- node. . However, if no name server can be located, it switches to b- node. It continues to poll for name server and switches back to p- node when one becomes available. Microsoft- enhanced .
Most WINS clients are set up as h- nodes; that is, they first attempt to register and resolve names using WINS, and if that fails, they try local subnet broadcasts. Using a name server to locate resources is generally preferable to broadcasting for two reasons: Broadcasts are not usually forwarded by routers. Broadcast frames are processed by all computers on a subnet. Figures 2. 4 through 2. Net. BIOS name resolution methods used by Windows. From the Net. BT viewpoint, a computer is multihomed only if it has more than one network adapter installed.
When a name registration packet is sent from a multihomed computer, it is flagged as a multihomed name registration so that it does not conflict with the same name being registered by another interface in the same computer. If a multihomed computer receives a broadcast Net. BIOS Name Query, all Net. BT and interface bindings that receive the query respond with their addresses, and by default the client chooses the first response and connects to the address supplied by the responder. To have the responder randomly choose the IP address to put in the name query response, set the value of the. HKLM\SYSTEM\Current. Control. Set\Services\Netbt\Parameters) to 1.
This can be used by a server with two interfaces on the same network for load balancing. When a directed name query is sent to a WINS server, the WINS server responds with a list of all IP addresses that are registered with WINS by the multihomed computer. A Windows. If more than one of the addresses meets the criteria, one is picked at random from those that match. If one of the IP addresses in the list is on the same logical subnet as any binding of Net.
BT on the local computer, then that address is selected. If multiple addresses meet this criteria, one is picked at random. If none of the IP addresses in the list is on the same subnet as any binding of Net. BT on the local computer, then an address is selected at random from the list. If none of the IP addresses in the list is on the same subnet as any binding of Net.
BT on the local computer, an address is selected at random from the list. This algorithm provides a reasonable balancing of connections to a server across multiple network adapters, while still favoring local (same subnet) connections when they are available. To provide some fault tolerance, when there is a list of IP addresses returned, they are sorted into the best order, and Net. BT attempts to ping each of the addresses in the list until one responds. Net. BT then attempts a connection to that address. If no addresses respond, then a connection attempt is made to the first address in the list.
This is tried in case there is a firewall or other device filtering ICMP traffic. To do so, some means of name resolution has to be provided. Two common methods are the Lmhosts file or a WINS server. Several enhancements were introduced in Windows. This eliminates the need for Net. BIOS name resolution configuration.
Use the command. net use \\< FQDN> \< share. This allows the use of a DNS server to connect to a computer using its fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
Examples of using new functionality to map a drive to ftp. IP address of 1. 98. In addition, various applications allow you to enter an FQDN or IP address in place of a computer name. This new behavior is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. 6 Behavior of Net. BT Internet/DNS Enhancements. In Windows. It appears to the redirector and server as another interface, much like an individual network adapter/protocol stack combination.
However, at the TCP/IP stack, the SMB device is bound to ADDR. Calls placed on the SMB device result in a standard DNS lookup to resolve the domain name to an IP address, followed by a single outbound connection request using the best source IP address and interface as determined by the route table.
Additionally, there is no . By default, the redirector places calls on both the Net. BIOS device(s) and the SMB device, and the file server receives calls on both. The file server SMB device listens on TCP port 4. Net. BIOS over TCP port 1. Net. BIOS Over TCP/IP Sessions.
Net. BIOS sessions are established between two names. For example, when a Windows. Assuming the server is listening on that name, it will respond affirmatively and a session is established. Once the Net. BIOS session has been established, the client and server negotiate the file sharing connection with the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Microsoft networking uses only one Net. BIOS session between two names at any point in time.
Any additional file or print sharing connections made after the first one are multiplexed over the same Net. BIOS session. Net. BIOS keep- alives are used on each connection to verify that the server and workstation are still both up and able to maintain their session. This way, if a workstation is shut down ungracefully, the server will eventually clean up the connection and associated resources, and vice versa. Net. BIOS keep- alives are controlled by the. Session. Keep. Alive.
HKLM\SYSTEM\Current. Control. Set\Services\Netbt\Parameters) and default to once per hour. If Lmhosts files are used and an entry is misspelled, it is possible to attempt to connect to a server using the correct IP address but an incorrect name. In this case, a TCP connection is still established to the server. However, the Net. BIOS session request using an invalid name will be rejected by the server.
If attempting the connection with the. The datagram service provides the ability to send a message to a unique name or to a group name. Group names can resolve to a list of IP addresses or a broadcast. For instance, the command. On hosts running a Net.
BIOS datagram service, UDP hands the datagram to Net. BT on port 1. 38.
Net. BT checks the destination name to see if any application has registered that name, and if so, passes up the datagram. If no receive message was posted, the datagram is discarded. Note that if support for Net. BIOS is disabled in Windows.